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# It seems to be up to interpretation

I could not find any clear interpretation of the definition of target. The definition you quoted, 

 > A typical spell requires you to pick one or more targets to be affected by the spell's magic. A spell's description tells you whether the spell targets creatures, objects, or a point of origin for an area of effect

seems to have a few issues - for example, an AoE spell such as Fireball technically only "targets" one person, but does damage in a 20 ft. radius, and the spell description indicates

> A **target** takes 8d6 fire damage on a failed save, or half as much damage on a successful one.

which means Fireball actually has multiple targets, which means it cannot be twinspelled (which I think is a general consensus - AoE cannot be twinspelled).

## Catapult specifically

In a similar vein, I would say Catapult would target **all** of A, B, and C in your example because it has the potential to hit all of them. While Fireball does damage whether the targets fail their saving throw or not, other spells, such as Tasha's Caustic Brew, only affect/damage the target if they fail their throw, and I think even creatures that succeed on the throw are targets, as they had the potential to be affected, but their saving throw, well, saved them.

Similarly, with Catapult, you could say that B failing their saving throw saved C, but C still had the potential to be damaged.

Now, if A was charmed by C, based on the definition of charmed,

> A charmed creature can’t Attack the charmer **or target the charmer with harmful Abilities or magical Effects**.

then I would say A cannot cast Catapult in this line because it does target C.